The Small Business Administration (SBA) recently changed the rules that apply to both the 7(a) and 504 loan programs. The goal is to streamline the loan application process, broaden the amount and variety of lenders, and relax regulations in order to reach more small businesses, particularly those in underserved communities. Below we’ll go over the recent changes to SBA loan programs.
SBA Loan Programs
The SBA is a lender of two small business loans. The most popular loan is the 7(a) loan, which can be used for real estate, equipment, acquisitions, and other working capital. It has a maximum borrowing limit of $5 million. The 504 loan is the other loan program offered by the SBA, and it is generally used for real estate or land loans, with fixed interest rates and maturity up to 25 years. It has a maximum borrowing limit of $5.5 million.
Expanding Approved Lenders
Prior to the Covid-era Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), the SBA had limited the number of approved SBA lenders to a select handful. This limit was lifted considerably with the PPP program, and the new rules do away with a cap on the number of approved lenders altogether. The goal is to increase the number of loans distributed and reduce the timeline of loan applications.
New Criteria
The SBA is simplifying the evaluation process for borrowers by removing some criteria. Previously, multiple factors were considered when assessing potential borrowers, including the character and reputation of the applicant, experience and depth of management, projected cash flow and future prospects, invested equity, and value of collateral. However, the new rules look at only the applicant’s credit report, cash flow, and equity or collateral. Removing “character and reputation” from the list of criteria helps to eliminate any individual bias in the loan process.
The new rules also allow borrowers to use 7(a) loan proceeds to fund partial changes in the ownership of the business. In the past, a 7(a) loan could only be used to fund a full change in ownership. This move grants borrowers more flexibility to restructure the business.
Finally, the SBA is implementing new technology to figure borrower eligibility. This should help curtail the burden on SBA lenders and simplify the process in order to boost lending.
New Determining Authority
When a small business 7(a) and 504 loan application or modification request is denied, either the Director of the Office of Financial Assistance or the Director’s designee(s) are authorized to make the final decision on reconsideration. Previously, only the Director of the Office of Financial Assistance had this authority. This change is to help enact fair and timely loan reconsiderations.
No More “Credit Elsewhere” Test
Finally, the “credit elsewhere analysis” that was a required component of the SBA loan process is reduced to a “check the box” with no need for corresponding paperwork. This was a step in the process that proved all other possible sources of funding had been exhausted, justifying the need to obtain SBA financing.
